What is Ocean Acidification?

Ocean acidification refers to the process by which the ocean becomes more acidic due to the absorption of excess carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. This happens when CO2 dissolves in seawater, forming carbonic acid, which lowers the pH of the ocean. Ocean acidification affects marine life, especially species that rely on calcium carbonate to form shells or skeletons, such as corals, mollusks, and some plankton.

What is ocean acidification?

Ocean acidification is the result of the ocean absorbing about 25-30% of human-generated CO2 emissions. This chemical reaction forms carbonic acid, which decreases the pH of seawater, making it more acidic. This process is occurring faster than at any point in the last 300 million years​

Why is ocean acidification a problem?

It poses a threat to marine ecosystems, particularly calcifying organisms like corals, shellfish, and plankton. These species find it harder to grow and maintain their shells or skeletons as acidity increases, which in turn affects entire marine food chains and human industries like fishing and tourism​

How does ocean acidification happen?

Ocean acidification occurs when atmospheric CO2 is absorbed by the ocean. The excess CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid, lowering the ocean's pH. This process is primarily driven by the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other human activities that release CO2​.

What are the effects of ocean acidification on marine life?

Marine organisms like corals, oysters, and some plankton species struggle to form shells and skeletons in acidic waters, leading to weakened structures or even dissolution. Coral reefs, which provide habitats for countless marine species, are particularly vulnerable, threatening biodiversity and coastal protection​.

How can we prevent ocean acidification?

Reducing CO2 emissions is the most effective way to slow ocean acidification. This can be achieved by transitioning to renewable energy sources, protecting forests that absorb CO2, and promoting sustainable fishing practices. Additionally, global initiatives like the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) help monitor changes and inform policy actions​.

How does ocean acidification impact humans?

Ocean acidification affects human communities by threatening seafood supplies and the livelihoods of people in fishing and aquaculture. Coral reef degradation also increases the vulnerability of coastal areas to storm surges and erosion, endangering coastal protection and tourism industries​